TY - JOUR
T1 - A combination extract of kaffir lime, galangal, and lemongrass maintains blood lipid profiles, hepatocytes, and liver mitochondria in rats with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
AU - Tirawanchai, Napatara
AU - Kengkoom, Kanchana
AU - Isarangkul, Duangnate
AU - Burana-osot, Jankana
AU - Kanjanapruthipong, Tapanee
AU - Chantip, Surachai
AU - Phattanawasin, Panadda
AU - Sotanaphun, Uthai
AU - Ampawong, Sumate
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020
PY - 2020/4
Y1 - 2020/4
N2 - Kaffir lime leaves and the rhizomes of galangal and lemongrass are the main ingredients in several Thai foods with desirable medicinal effects. Based on their beneficial activities, this study aimed to indicate the chemical properties and in vivo efficacy of a combination of the herbs at a 1:2:1 ratio in a water extract form. Its volatile constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer, which mainly consists of eucalyptol, citronellal, and citral. Clinicohistopathological and electron microscopic studies demonstrated that the extract corrected blood cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels similarly as simvastatin treatment in association with its antioxidative properties, as indicated by the levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in serum and the increment of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 levels in hepatocytes. Hepatitis was significantly less severe in rats fed the extract for 14 days than in simvastatin-treated rats. Regarding its immunomodulatory properties, the extract also accelerated hepatic resolution from steatohepatitis during hypercholesterolemia as indicated by the upregulation of vimentin, cytokeratin, and CD206+. Interestingly, liver mitochondria were also preserved in hypercholesterolemic rats treated with the extract in relation to their architecture and the expression of haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain-containing protein 3 as well as metabolic and energy regulators. Therefore, the study concluded that the water extract of kaffir lime leaves and the rhizomes of galangal and lemongrass has beneficial effects on blood cholesterol, the severity of steatohepatitis, and the maintenance of mitochondrial architecture via its antioxidative and immunomodulatory activities.
AB - Kaffir lime leaves and the rhizomes of galangal and lemongrass are the main ingredients in several Thai foods with desirable medicinal effects. Based on their beneficial activities, this study aimed to indicate the chemical properties and in vivo efficacy of a combination of the herbs at a 1:2:1 ratio in a water extract form. Its volatile constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer, which mainly consists of eucalyptol, citronellal, and citral. Clinicohistopathological and electron microscopic studies demonstrated that the extract corrected blood cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride levels similarly as simvastatin treatment in association with its antioxidative properties, as indicated by the levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in serum and the increment of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 levels in hepatocytes. Hepatitis was significantly less severe in rats fed the extract for 14 days than in simvastatin-treated rats. Regarding its immunomodulatory properties, the extract also accelerated hepatic resolution from steatohepatitis during hypercholesterolemia as indicated by the upregulation of vimentin, cytokeratin, and CD206+. Interestingly, liver mitochondria were also preserved in hypercholesterolemic rats treated with the extract in relation to their architecture and the expression of haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase domain-containing protein 3 as well as metabolic and energy regulators. Therefore, the study concluded that the water extract of kaffir lime leaves and the rhizomes of galangal and lemongrass has beneficial effects on blood cholesterol, the severity of steatohepatitis, and the maintenance of mitochondrial architecture via its antioxidative and immunomodulatory activities.
KW - Galangal
KW - Kaffir lime
KW - Lemongrass
KW - Lipid
KW - Mitochondria
KW - Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85078037723&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109843
DO - 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109843
M3 - Article
C2 - 31978768
AN - SCOPUS:85078037723
SN - 0753-3322
VL - 124
JO - Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy
JF - Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy
M1 - 109843
ER -