TY - JOUR
T1 - A study of risk factors associated with the presence of oral potentially malignant disorders
T2 - a community-based study from Northeastern Thailand
AU - Chiewwit, Pim
AU - Khovidhunkit, Siribang on Piboonniyom
AU - Tantipoj, Chanita
AU - Worakhajit, Prangtip
AU - Klongnoi, Boworn
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2024.
PY - 2024/12
Y1 - 2024/12
N2 - Background: The principal objective of this study is to ascertain the connections between well-known risk factors of oral cancer, including smoking (cigarette and tobacco), alcohol consumption, betel quid chewing, irritations in the oral cavity, history of head and neck cancer, and history of working outdoor more than 4 days/week, and the presence of OPMDs within the Thai population. Method: 349,318 subjects were recruited for initial screening, then 1,483 subjects who had at least 1 risk factor and a suspicious lesion underwent comprehensive oral examinations followed by a clinical diagnosis and then received initial treatment from either oral surgeons or oral medicine specialists. Among these subjects, individuals with at least 1 risk factor and with a clinical diagnosis of OPMDs were classified as cases, while those with at least 1 risk factor but without OPMDs were categorized as controls. The case group comprised a total of 487 subjects, whereas the control group consisted of 996 subjects. Exclusion criteria were known cases of currently having oral cancer or OPMDs. Results: The outcomes of the multivariate analysis revealed that among the variables assessed, betel quid (adjusted OR 5.12 [3.93–6.68], p < 0.001) and smoking (adjusted OR 1.46 [1.08–1.97], p = 0.013), there were an association with the presence of OPMDs. Conversely, alcohol drinking, having irritations in the oral cavity, a history of head and neck cancer, and a history of working outdoors more than 4 days/week were not associated with the presence of OPMDs. Furthermore, we also study the synergistic effect of alcohol drinking, irritations in the oral cavity, history of head and neck cancer, and history of working outdoors more than 4 days/week using subgroup analysis. The analysis showed that alcohol consumption combined with smoking or betel quid chewing expressed a significantly increased risk of OPMDs, from 1.46 to 2.03 (OR 2.03 [1.16–3.56], p = 0.014) and from 5.12 to 7.20 (OR 7.20 [3.96–13.09], p < 0.001). Conclusion: Smoking and exposure to betel quid were a significant risk factors for the presence of OPMDs. The combination of alcohol with smoking or betel quid chewing was also found to increase the risk of OPMDs in this Thai northeastern population.
AB - Background: The principal objective of this study is to ascertain the connections between well-known risk factors of oral cancer, including smoking (cigarette and tobacco), alcohol consumption, betel quid chewing, irritations in the oral cavity, history of head and neck cancer, and history of working outdoor more than 4 days/week, and the presence of OPMDs within the Thai population. Method: 349,318 subjects were recruited for initial screening, then 1,483 subjects who had at least 1 risk factor and a suspicious lesion underwent comprehensive oral examinations followed by a clinical diagnosis and then received initial treatment from either oral surgeons or oral medicine specialists. Among these subjects, individuals with at least 1 risk factor and with a clinical diagnosis of OPMDs were classified as cases, while those with at least 1 risk factor but without OPMDs were categorized as controls. The case group comprised a total of 487 subjects, whereas the control group consisted of 996 subjects. Exclusion criteria were known cases of currently having oral cancer or OPMDs. Results: The outcomes of the multivariate analysis revealed that among the variables assessed, betel quid (adjusted OR 5.12 [3.93–6.68], p < 0.001) and smoking (adjusted OR 1.46 [1.08–1.97], p = 0.013), there were an association with the presence of OPMDs. Conversely, alcohol drinking, having irritations in the oral cavity, a history of head and neck cancer, and a history of working outdoors more than 4 days/week were not associated with the presence of OPMDs. Furthermore, we also study the synergistic effect of alcohol drinking, irritations in the oral cavity, history of head and neck cancer, and history of working outdoors more than 4 days/week using subgroup analysis. The analysis showed that alcohol consumption combined with smoking or betel quid chewing expressed a significantly increased risk of OPMDs, from 1.46 to 2.03 (OR 2.03 [1.16–3.56], p = 0.014) and from 5.12 to 7.20 (OR 7.20 [3.96–13.09], p < 0.001). Conclusion: Smoking and exposure to betel quid were a significant risk factors for the presence of OPMDs. The combination of alcohol with smoking or betel quid chewing was also found to increase the risk of OPMDs in this Thai northeastern population.
KW - Oral cancer
KW - Oral potentially malignant disorders
KW - Risk factor
KW - Thai
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85200952753&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s12903-024-04554-6
DO - 10.1186/s12903-024-04554-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 39129030
AN - SCOPUS:85200952753
SN - 1472-6831
VL - 24
JO - BMC Oral Health
JF - BMC Oral Health
IS - 1
M1 - 932
ER -