Maeruines A−E, elusive indole alkaloids from stems of Maerua siamensis and their inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenases and HT-29 colorectal cancer cell proliferation

Sasiwimon Nukulkit, Nonthaneth Nalinratana, Thammarat Aree, Utid Suriya, Rutt Suttisri, Nitra Nuengchamnong, Hsun Shuo Chang, Chaisak Chansriniyom

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1 Citation (Scopus)

Abstract

Five previously undescribed indole alkaloids, maeruines A−E (1−5), bearing imino-2H-thieno[2,3-b]indol-3(8H)-one skeleton, were obtained from the stems of Maerua siamensis. Their chemical structures were elucidated using spectroscopic techniques [NMR, MS, IR, and UV], and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Maeruine D (4) displayed selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitory activity in vitro with an IC50 of 29.72 ± 6.36 μM. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that maeruine D could form a stable complex with human COX-2, predominantly driven by hydrophobic interactions. In addition, five amino-acid residues including Val349, Leu352, Leu384, Val523, and Ala527 were identified as hot-spot ones, which may lead to high binding affinity and selectivity. Furthermore, it exhibited cytotoxicity against HT-29 colorectal cancer cells with an IC50 of 29.32 ± 4.76 μM, and, at 0.1−10 μM, significantly inhibited their proliferation, induced by the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β), in a dose-dependent manner.

Original languageEnglish
Article number114291
JournalPhytochemistry
Volume229
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jan 2025
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Capparaceae
  • Cyclooxygenases
  • HT-29 cell proliferation
  • Indole alkaloids
  • Maerua siamensis

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