Periodontitis is associated with cardiovascular diseases: A 13-year study

Aim: To prospectively evaluate the association between periodontitis and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in Thai adults. Materials and methods: Medical data from the questionnaires and physical examinations of 1850 participants aged 47‒73 years from EGAT study were gathered. Random half-mouth periodontal examination of each participant was performed by calibrated periodontists, and periodontal status was defined. The incidence of new CVD events, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, was verified by cardiologists. The Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs). Results: The prevalence of no/mild, moderate and severe periodontitis in the study participants was 11.7%, 52.7% and 35.6%, respectively. During the 13-year follow-up, CVD events occurred in 110 (5.9%) participants, with 82 (4.4%) from CHD and 28 (1.5%) from stroke. After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, a significant association between severe periodontitis and the incidence of CHD was found compared with the no/mild periodontitis group with an HR of 4.53 (95% confidence intervals: 1.08‒19.02). However, no significant association was seen when considering total CVD events and stroke outcome. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that severe periodontitis is associated with an increased incidence of CHD, independent of established cardiovascular risk factors.